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The Eleman languages are a family of Papua New Guinea. ==Languages and classification== The five languages of Eleman proper are clearly related. They were identified as a family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1907, and would later be incorporated in the Trans–New Guinea classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). * ''Kaki Ae (Tate)'' * Eleman family * *West: Keuru, Opao, Orokolo * *East: Toaripi, Tairuma (Uaripi) Purari was included by Brown (1968), but the only evidence is the 1sg pronoun ''nai'', which might simply be a reflection of TNG *na. The purported evidence for including Eleman in the Trans–New Guinea family lies in Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) shows regular sound correspondences between Kaki Ae and Eleman, including Kaki Ae ''n'' to Eleman *r, so Kaki Ae ''nao'' 1sg appears to be cognate with Eleman *ara, both perhaps descending from proto-TNG *na. Likewise, Kaki Ae ''nu'u'' may reflect pTNG *nu, and the forms of the 2sg pronouns, ''ao'' and *a, are common in TNG languages. Ross states that the Kaki Ae isolate links Eleman proper within TNG. However, ''Glottolog'' notes that the sound correspondences are just what would expect from loans, given the different phonologies of the languages: Eleman has no n/l/r distinction, and Kaki Ae has no t/k distinction. The pronouns are as follows: : : 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eleman languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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